In a mixing bowl, combine olive oil, soy sauce, brown sugar, vinegar, thyme, garlic, allspice, paprika, black pepper, salt, cayenne pepper (if using), chopped Scotch bonnet peppers, and lime juice. Whisk until well combined.
Place the chicken thighs in a large zip-top bag or dish. Pour the marinade over the chicken, making sure each piece is well coated. Seal the bag or cover the dish with plastic wrap and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour, or overnight for best results.
Preheat the grill to medium-high heat or preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C).
If grilling, remove the chicken from the marinade and discard the marinade. Grill the chicken for about 30 minutes, turning occasionally, until the internal temperature reaches 165°F (75°C) and the skin is crispy.
If baking, place the marinated chicken on a baking sheet, skin side up. Bake in the preheated oven for 30-35 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through and the skin is golden brown and crispy.
Once cooked, let the chicken rest for 5 minutes before serving.
Serve the jerk chicken with rice and peas or a fresh salad for a complete meal.